Many software tools were employed in designing a PCB Layout. Some of them are KICAD , Proteus , Eagle, Or CAD, Spice etc. PCB Layout Designing using KICAD In these KICAD is a open source software and is very easy to design the layout. Now Let us design a PCB Layout in KICAD When KICAD is opened below window is opened. This is the main window. KICAD has four steps namely...

Introduction to Darlington Transistor A Darlington transistor or simply Darlington pair is mainly used to offer a very high current gain even with low base current. Darlington configuration was invented by Sidney Darlington in the year of 1953. In today’s market, wide variety of Darlington transistors are available that are varied by polarity, collector current, power dissipation, package type, maximum CE voltage and so on. These transistors are found in different types of applications such as power regulators, motor controllers, audio amplifiers, etc....

The oscillatory waveform depends on the nonlinear characteristics of the circuit rather than on a frequency selective element. Therefore, these are easy to fabricate as monolithic integrated circuits. Relaxation Oscillator Relaxation oscillators are non-sinusoidal oscillators which generate triangular, square and pulse waveforms using a circuit building block known as multivibrators. When the loop gain is greater than unity and the feedback is positive then the output produced is nearly similar to the sine wave which last for most of the periodic time....

Car parking management in organisations and malls often consists of many tasks like issuing tokens, noting the check-in and check-out time, calculating fare and finally collecting the amount. As the number of vehicles are increasing, the problems faced by manual parking management system are also increasing. Such problems can be eliminated to some extent by implementing an intelligent parking system where the entry and exit of cars is monitored and payment is made easy with sensor technology....

The full list of this new phone’s specifications include a 4 inch screen with a WVGA resolution of 800 x 480 pixels, 5MP rear camera with LED flash, a VGA front-facing camera. The phone will be powered by a dual core processor clocked 1.2GHz per core along with 768MB of RAM to support decent multitasking. The device will have 4GB of ROM on board along with a microSD slot for further expansion, up to 64GB....

You can see the image of this phone which clearly tells you that this smartphone is specifically for the users who love to shoot images as its shape is just of a camera and with the back panel changed into the display of a phone. Now let us take a look at the specifications of this device. The display size of this device is 4.3 Inches which is a Super AMOLED Capacitive touch display and that too with the resolution of 960 x 640 pixels which is qHD and better than what you have seen in Pureview 808....

The Galaxy Grand franchise recently got a bump in the form of Galaxy Grand 2, and with the launch of a ‘Lite’ version of the smartphone, the company will have something for every budget range. The device is rumoured to have a release during the MWC in early 2014. The model number for the Galaxy Grand Lite is expected to be GT-I9060. Expected specifications of the device include a 5 inch display (just like the original Grand) with a resolution of 800 x 480p (WVGA), dual SIM support, and out-of-the-box Android v4....

Thermal energy is something which we can find everywhere and is totally free of cost. It helps us ding our daily chores like dries things, clothes, heats water, and many other things. Water can basically be heated in two ways i.e. actively and passively. In active method, when a heating element inside the solar hot water system heats the water during hot season. In the passive method the water is pre heated and flows through a cold inlet that of a conventional electric geezer....

Should you match the wattage of the amp with the speaker or should you purchase a higher amp wattage than the speaker wattage? This depends on various factors, and you have to understand the factors in detail so that you can decide which amplifier to purchase. We will discuss in detail the important specifications and things to consider and not to consider while purchasing an amplifier. What Do You Mean By Speaker Wattage and Amp Wattage?...

All these are important questions, especially for first time or new generator owners. In this guide, we will learn about the proper way to store a generator when you don’t use it, either for short term or long term. A Brief Note on Generators Generators are machines that convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. They can provide power when there is no access to a regular electrical power source or when the regular power source is unavailable, such as during power outages, camping trips, or outdoor events....

This standard cutter is a highly versatile, lightweight, and heavy-duty option, which is precious in an emergency and worthwhile in a lot of destruction and demolition jobs with its long handles and short blades. All you need is to place the cutting material in two halves and then squeeze the cutter handles together. Thus, the applied cutting pressure on the sharpened blades will cut through the material. These are available in different sizes, shapes, and cutting capacities, which makes it a bit hard to figure out the best option....

Hence, here are some of the best $2000 gaming PCs that have been selected based on these factors: CPU: Whether it is gaming or any other type of heavy-duty computing task that you want to perform on your computer, having a powerful CPU is highly important in either case. At the $2000 price point, you can find CPU options like Intel Core i7 or the AMD Ryzen 7 both of which are highly powerful....

Handheld spotlights are an important piece of equipment in every emergency kit or camping supplies. Because of its bright lumen output and wide illumination area, they are also used in workplace or job sites at nights. They are small, portable, and light in weight so you can store and carry them around easily. They are available in various shapes, sizes, and patterns which makes it a bit challenging to choose a single choice....

Number of Ports: Because a managed switch is made to connect all of your devices on a given network, you would want to have multiple ports for connecting multiple devices at once. Thus, while managed switches ideal for home usage may have 5 or 8 ports, larger units can even come with up to 24 ports making them great for industrial and large-scale applications. Speed: Apart from having multiple ports, you would also want your network switch and its ports to support a high networking speed....

The SFX power supply units are one of the most compact forms of power supply units available for desktop cabinets that allow you to build a powerful desktop computer within a compact cabinet. These power supplies are highly popular amongst gamers who want a silent and compact machine on their desks. It also comes with shorter cables that make the internal cable management much more efficient. If you are looking for a new SFX power supply, make sure you check out the following factors carefully:...

If you are a professional in DIY electronics or even a beginner, you would understand the importance of having this in your tool kit. In this article, we are going to list down some of the best soldering helping hands available to buy online. We have curated this list on the basis of 4 key factors. They are; Foundation: The foundation of a solder helping hand is very important. This Base will provide you with a foundational weight that will keep the elements in the hand, in place without moving them....

Solar batteries usually last for about 3 to 4 years, based on their number of charge cycles. When it’s time to replace the batteries for solar lights, we recommend considering the below factors… Battery Type – With the availability of different sizes and types of batteries like A, AA, AAA, and other units, you have to purchase the best and most compatible rechargeable batteries. AA batteries are considered the most rechargeable common size to use for solar lights....

CPU: Since the CPU or the processor of any laptop is responsible for all tasks, including gaming, it can heavily affect your gaming performance. While most gaming laptops under $600 may offer the Intel Core i3 or the AMD Ryzen 3 CPUs, higher-end options can also come with the Intel Core i5 and the AMD Ryzen 5 CPUs for much better performance. GPU: The primary difference between a standard laptop and a gaming one is that gaming laptops have powerful GPUs in it....

LED work lights are considered the best option among various types of work lights as they are versatile, energy-efficient, affordable, and brighter. You can use it to lighten either as a spotlight for a small area or brighten up a large area. Thus, it lets you complete the task properly. Before making its purchase, one should know the answers to these questions – why do you need this light for (to decide on the type of LED work light), & how bright the lighting in your workplace (for proper lumens count)....

However, there might be instances where the reset option fails. You will get an error saying that “There was a problem resetting your pc”. This is a common error that has affected many users. It might be caused due to corrupt files, or removal of important system files. Pre-installed Windows might also cause this error. In this guide, we will be looking at ways by which we can fix this issue....